Whitcup S. Botulixin Therapy 2021

Textbook in PDF format

In 1989, the US FDA first approved botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm. Today, there are five commercially available botulinum toxins in the USA and for therapeutic indications from head (chronic migraine) to toe (lower limb spasticity). Importantly, botulinum toxins have been approved for multiple indications globally. This tremendous progress in the development of botulinum toxins for medical uses has been fostered by both increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of how these substances interact and affect the tissues in the body and by astute clinicians and researchers observing the effects in patients. Despite being one of the most potent and potentially deadly substances in nature, our ability to reliably manufacture botulinum toxins and to deliver extremely small quantities locally to the site of action has allowed safe treatment of thousands of patients.
Basic Sciences
The History of Botulinum Toxins in Medicine: A Thousand Year Journey
The Structure and Classification of Botulinum Toxins
Botulinum Neurotoxins: Mechanism of Action
Manufacturing and Clinical Formulations of Botulinum Neurotoxins
Novel Native and Engineered Botulinum Neurotoxins
Clinical Practice
Clinical Pharmacology of Botulinum Toxin Drugs
The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of the Dystonias
The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Spasticity
Use of Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology
Hyperhidrosis and Aesthetics
Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Genitourinary System
Gastrointestinal Uses of Botulinum Toxin
The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders
Botulinum Toxin and Pain
The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Depression
Correction to: The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Depression
Correction to: The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Spasticity
Correction to: Use of Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology
Correction to: The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of the Dystonias
Correction to: Botulinum Toxin and Pain
Correction to: The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders