Medeiro F. Top-Down Design Of High-Performance Sigma-Delta Modulators 1998

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The interest for Sigma-Delta (SD) modulation-based A/D converters has significantly increased in the last years. The reason for that is twofold. On the one hand, unlike other converters that need accurate building blocks to obtain high res­olution, SD converters show low sensitivity to the imperfections of their building blocks. This is achieved through extensive use of digital signal pro­cessing - a desirable feature regarding the implementation of A/D interfaces in mainstream CMOS technologies which are better suited for implementing fast, dense, digital circuits than accurate analog circuits. On the other hand, the number of applications with industrial interest has also grown. In fact, starting from the earliest in the audio band, today we can find SD converters in a large variety of A/D interfaces, ranging from instrumentation to commu­nications. These advances have been supported by a number of research works that have lead to a considerably large amount of published papers and books covering different sub-topics: from purely theoretical aspects to architecture and circuit optimization. However, so much material is often difficultly digested by those unexperienced designers who have been committed to developing a SD converter, mainly because there is a lack of methodology. In our view, a clear methodology is necessary in SD modulator design because all related tasks are rather hard