Chandak M., Khurana K. Compiler Design 2018

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Chandak M., Khurana K. Compiler Design 2018

Textbook in PDF format In today’s era of technology, the course on Compiler Design plays a major role in understanding the mathematical and computing aspects of other courses such as Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Data Analytics, and so on. This course can be considered as the basis of design systems, similar to human beings. The main objective of the book is to present the role of the various phases of compiler design by explaining the mathematical and numerical components related to each phase. The computer is capable of executing simple programs written in the language of 0s and 1s. As writing programs in this language is a tedious and error-prone task, they are written in high-level language. Machine-independent high-level languages require conversion to low-level language programs that can be executed by a machine. The compiler is a program that converts a high-level language program to a low-level one. The code generated by the compiler may not be very efficient and may require optimisation. This book focuses on explaining the basic concepts involved in designing a compiler and the optimisation of the code that is generated. It is intended to be a basic reading material for compiler design and has many solved examples to explain the concepts in depth. The first chapter is an introductory one, discussing the front-end and back-end phases of the compiler. The front-end phases are discussed in detail in chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5, while the back-end phases are discussed in chapters 6 and 7. The run-time environment, error handling and symbol table management, which are related to all the phases, are elaborated in chapters 8 and 9. Chapters 11 and 12 deal with the compiling concepts of functional languages and parallel programming, respectively. The remaining chapters focus on programming. Chapter Organisation The book is organised as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the subject and the different phases of the compiler. These phases are discussed in detail in the remaining chapters. It also relates the phases of The compiler to formal systems that can be used with each phase of the compiler. Chapter 2 describes the first phase of compilation – lexical analysis. The use of regular expressions is described, along with their implementation using finite automata. Chapter 3 presents the syntax analysis phase of the compiler. Various techniques of parsing (syntax analysis) are discussed in detail, ranging from recursive descent parser, which is a top-down parser, to bottom-up LR techniques. Operator precedence parsers are also discussed. Chapter 4 describes the semantic analysis phase of the compiler and elaborates the type systems and type checking. Chapter 5 explains the intermediate code generation phase. The intermediate representation of the three-address code is used in this chapter. Chapter 6 discusses machine-dependent and machine-independent code optimisation techniques. Chapter 7 discusses the techniques of target code generation. Chapter 8 details the run-time environment required for the execution of a program. The aspects to be handled in the run-time environment such as memory organisation, activation of procedures, activation records, procedure calls and returns, and parameter passing are explained. Chapter 9 provides an introduction to the errors that can be encountered during each phase of compilation, and how these errors can be handled. Chapter 10 discusses various compiler construction tools that help in the auto-generation of code for some phases of the compiler. Chapter 11 provides an introduction to the main concepts in functional languages and describes the compilation process in functional languages. Chapter 12 provides an overview of concepts in parallel programming and discusses the parallel compiler. Chapter 13 concentrates on programming. Programs related to each phase of the compiler are presented in this chapter. Chapter 14 includes solved questions related to compiler design from previous GATE exams. Each chapter contains review questions, practice questions and programming questions to help students get hands-on practice and to check their understanding of the concepts covered in that chapter. A summary is also included after each chapter to provide a quick recap of the topics discussed in the chapter