Volpe G., Callegari A., Argun A. Simulation of Complex Systems 2021

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Volpe G., Callegari A., Argun A. Simulation of Complex Systems 2021

Textbook in PDF format This book deals with the most fundamental and essential techniques to simulate complex systems, from the dynamics of molecules to the spreading of diseases, from optimization using ant colonies to the simulation of the Game of Life. Several natural systems found in physics, biology and engineering can be considered complex systems, because their behaviour is not easily predictable and is the result of complex interactions among their constituents. Examples of complex systems are a cell with its organelles, an organ, the human brain, social networks, transportation and communication systems, the stock market, ecosystems, systems with prey and predators, a swarm of bees. There are several specialized books focusing on different simulation methods, but there is not one fully devoted to complex systems. The 'bottom-up' approach is innovative and allows the reader to conduct numerical experiments to explore the system's behaviour. Preface Author biography Aykut Argun Agnese Callegari Giovanni Volpe Molecular dynamics Single particle Time reversibility Multiple particles Randomness Further reading Problems Challenges References Ising model Monte Carlo method Ising model Critical temperature Critical mixtures Further reading Problems Challenges References Forest fires Forest growth and fire ignition Power-law behavior Further reading Problems Challenges References The Game of Life One-dimensional cellular automata Conway’s Game of Life Majority rule Further reading Problems Challenges References Brownian dynamics Random walks and universality Discrete white noise Brownian motion Optical tweezers Further reading Problems Challenges References Anomalous diffusion Anomalous diffusion exponent Regularization and normalization Models of anomalous diffusion Anomalous diffusion in a non-homogeneous force field Further reading Problems Challenges References Multiplicative noise A minimal discrete-time model Position-dependent noise Stochastic integrals The spurious drift Drift and diffusion measurement Particles close to an interface Further reading Problems Challenges References The Vicsek model The standard Vicsek model The effect of delay Non-metric and non-reciprocal interactions Further reading Problems Challenges References Living crystals Active Brownian motion Mean square displacement Living crystals Aligning interactions Further reading Problems Challenges References Sensory delay A light-sensitive robot Single robot with a sensory delay Multiple robots with sensory delay Further reading Problems Challenges References Disease spreading The agent-based SIR model Disease transmission as a function of the infection rate Extended SIR models Lockdown strategies Further reading Problems Challenges References Network models The adjacency matrix Path length, diameter, and clustering coefficient Erdős–Rényi random graphs Watts–Strogatz small-world graphs Albert–Barabási preferential-growth graphs Further reading Problems Challenges References Evolutionary games The prisoner’s dilemma Evolutionary games on a lattice Multiple strategies Further readings Problems Challenges References Ecosystems Lotka–Volterra model The logistic growth model Mutualism Competition Further reading Problems Challenges References Ant-colony optimization The minimum path length problem Ants at work Interruptions, accidents, and randomness Further reading Problems Challenges References The Sugarscape Models of segregation The Sugarscape Further reading Problems Challenges References