Rajasekharan P. Conservation...Utilization..Horticultural Genetic Resources 2019

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Rajasekharan P. Conservation...Utilization..Horticultural Genetic Resources 2019

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Textbook in PDF format With rapidly increasing population across the globe and shrinking resources, the concern of food and nutrition security is looming large over the world community. In addition, increasing income gap between rich and poor calls for income-generating crops and products to assist rural households. To catch up with the fierce pace of growth in all the sectors of development, ensuring uninhibited availability and affordability of quality food is high on everybody’s agenda. The growing global demand for food, feed, fibre and bio-based renewable materials, such as biofuels, is changing the conditions for genetic resource development and bio-resource production worldwide. Recognizing, safeguarding and using the potential and diversity of nature are critical for food and nutrition security and sustainable agriculture. Biodiversity conservation targets three interdependent levels: ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic erosion can represent the loss of entire populations that are genetically different from others, the loss or change in frequency of specific alleles (i.e. different forms of a gene) within populations or the loss of allelic combinations or the species as a whole. The crucial role in ensuring food and nutrition security is played by the agro-based industries and enterprises. The agricultural crops tend to be staple, the value of horticultural crops may be twofold – nutritional security and income generation. In the face of estimates where the world’s population, particularly in developing counties, will reach 9.1 billion by 2050 of which the large proportion would be undernourished and poor, horticulture has an especially important role to play. Intensive plant production has much to offer as urbanization continues at an accelerating pace. Shortly, about 70% of the world’s population will choose to live in the urban and peri-urban areas of many countries. Horticulture can help massively to change this situation by providing incentives to young people who remain in rural areas by providing increasing opportunities for growing high-value crops and setting up enterprises based on horticultural products. The world has reached the crucial period with climatic change, overpopulation, soil degradation, water and energy shortages, pollution and crippling loss of biodiversity being the major challenges that humanity faces. In this context, horticulture is expected to play an important role in the production of food, income generation, environmental protection and social change. For horticulture to play these roles, the conservation and use of species and genetic diversity extant in horticultural crop species is essential. It is important to understand and understanding leads to care; caring is an essential ingredient of conservation efforts, and this book helps to understand horticultural genetic resources and care for them. The present volume is unique because it places emphasis on understating the genetic and species diversity so that one can care for it and use it effectively for horticultural development of the country. Contributors of this volume were selected from a wide range of institutions and a diversity of authors. The authors were selected based on their vast experience in specific areas of their expertise to match the diversity of topics. These authors have a deep understanding of their subject to enable them not only to write critical reviews by integrating information from classical to modern literature but also to endure an unending series of editorial suggestions, so that the coverage is appropriate and optimum for this volume and the many revisions of their manuscripts. Needless to say, this is as much their book as ours. We hope that this volume will help our fellow researchers and a generation of students enter the fascinating world of horticultural genetic resource research and conservation with confidence, as perceived and planned by us. India is the centre of diversity for many horticultural crops, which have several endemic species and vast diversity. India is known as the land of spices, being the origin of two important spices, black pepper and cardamom, and of ginger, turmeric, Garcinia and Myristica with maximum diversity. Rich diversity also occurs in India for medicinal and aromatic plants and traditional knowledge associated with their uses, particularly in the Western Ghats and North-Eastern region. Besides, Indian subcontinent is a rich repository for ornamental trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs and succulents. Wild relatives are also available in many rainforest habitats. All these aspects were well covered in this volume, and, where possible, an international context has been provided. The book is primarily designed for use by the graduate students studying horticulture, sustainable crop production, agricultural sciences and plant sciences. Horticulturists, vegetable specialists, plant and agricultural research scientists and academics will find a wealth of information as well as references to more information in this book. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where agricultural and horticultural sciences are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this valuable book on their shelves. Part I. Horticultural Genetic Resources at Crossroads An Overview of Horticultural Genetic Resources Diversity, Distribution and Conservation. P.E.Rajasekharan and V.Ramanatha Rao Horticultural Genetic Resources Conservation: Priorities, Challenges and Way Forward. V.Ramanatha Rao and V.Parthasarathy Feasibility of Conservation of Horticultural Genetic Resources in In Situ/On Farm. Bhuwon Sthapit, V.Ramanatha Rao, and Hugo A. H. Lamers Part II. A Treasury of Resources for Health, Nutrition and for Aesthetic and How to Manage Them for Benefits to Farmers and Society Genetic Resources of Tropical Fruits. Linta Vincent, P. L. Anushma, C. Vasugi, A. Rekha, and Banoth Shiva Vegetable Genetic Resources: Diversity, Distribution and Conservation. P. E. Rajasekharan Biodiversity and Conservation of Ornamental Crops. Tapas Kumar Chowdhuri and Kankana Deka Genetic Resources of Mango: Status, Threats, and Future Prospects. Shailendra Rajan and Umesh Hudedamani Coconut Genetic Resources. Anitha Karun and V. Niral Spices Genetic Resources: Diversity, Distribution and Conservation. K. V. Saji, B. Sasikumar, J. Rema, Sharon Aravind, and K. Nirmal Babu Banana Genetic Resources. S. Uma, M. S. Saraswathi, and P. Durai Genetic Resources of Guava: Importance, Uses and Prospects. Shailendra Rajan and Umesh Hudedamani Genetic Resources of RET Medicinal Plant Species in India: Distribution, Diversity and Conservation. Anurag Dhyani Management and Conservation of Underutilized Fruits. T. Sakthivel, R. Senthil Kumar, and Shiva Bonath Crop Wild Relatives of Selected Perennial Horticultural Crops in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Pooja Bohra, Ajit Arun Waman, and Sanjay Mishra Wild Relatives of Horticultural Crops: PGR Management in Indian Context. K. Joseph John and K. Pradheep Part III. Methods and Tools to Manage Resources Geographical Information System and Management of Horticultural Genetic Resources with Special Reference to India. Natarajan Sivaraj, V. Kamala, M. Thirupathi Reddy, S. R. Pandravada, B. Sarath Babu, P. E. Rajasekharan, S. P. Ahlawat, and V. Ramanatha Rao Field Gene Banks and Clonal Repositories. P. E. Rajasekharan and V. Ramanatha Rao In Vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation of Clonally Propagated Horticultural Species. Anuradha Agrawal, Shivani Singh, Era Vaidya Malhotra, D. P. S. Meena, and R. K. Tyagi Cryopreservation Techniques for Conservation of Tropical Horticultural Species Using Various Explants. S. K. Malik and R. Chaudhury Molecular Characterization, DNA Finger Printing, and Genomics in Horticultural Crops. Jagadeesha Mulagund, K. Souravi, M. R. Dinesh, and K. V. Ravishankar Part IV. Legal Aspects Traditional Knowledge in Horticulture. K. Souravi and P. E. Rajasekharan Access and Benefit Sharing in Horticultural Genetic Resources. P. G. Veena and P. E. Rajasekharan Part V. A Pathway into the Future Future Needs of Horticultural Genetic Resources Conservation and Its Improved Use with that Focus on Livelihood Improvement and Income Generation in Rural India. V. Ramanatha Rao, P. E. Rajasekharan, T. M. Gajanana, and Hugo A. H. Lamers